WHEN TITLES REVERBERATE

“Nothing I force myself to write about ever turns out well, and so I’ve learned to wait for the voice, the incident, the image that reverberates.” Louise Erdrich

Erdrich is writing about more than titles, but that’s what I jumped to when I read her words. Have you noticed that some titles just reach out, make you want to explore the book, set off a little reverberating bell? Titles are so important. They’re meant to let us know a little about what’s in the book. That can be a person or place name. But they also have to have what Hemingway called magic. For me that means the words have to connote something, make us associate a word with implications and associations, for example, ‘Easter’ with spring and rebirth.

I’ve read that Hemingway searched the poetic King James Bible when he sought the right title for what became The Sun also Rises.  Besides the Biblical source, the word ‘sun’ has strong connotations of light and warmth.

And, have you noticed that titles seem to have trends like fashion? That word ‘light’ has appeared in lots of titles lately. I think Anthony Doerr started with his wonderful, All the Light We cannot See. And ‘girl’. So many titles have that word. I think words float around and all at once catch us in our hearts, or intellects, or we associate them with other books. They work like magnets.

A friend who read a draft of my novel, Remarkable Silence, said the title was right there in the contents when a narrator commented that God remained “remarkably silent” on key matters.Remarkable Silence Karen Wills I wanted the word ‘river’ in the title of my novel, River with no Bridge that will be out this summer. river with no bridgeIt’s another word with connotations of nature and crossings. The sequel I’m working on will be Garden in the Sky. That was the name of a popular campfire during the time of construction of the Going-to-the-Sun or Transcontinental Highway in Glacier National Park. The road figures in the story. I also think ‘Garden’ and ‘Sky’ have strong connotations.

But I’m struggling for a title for a historical mystery I’ve just finished. Maybe I’ll just have to wait for something to reverberate. Luckily, Hemingway rejected both The World’s Room and They who get Shot before settling on the inspired, A Farewell to Arms. That must have resounded like a gong when the words finally appeared.

I’M TOO SEXY FOR MY SCENES

the kiss

Sex scenes. When, why, and where do they belong in novels? Sex is as important in fiction as in real life. And fiction incorporates particular reasons involving plot and structure for characters to engage in passion. The engaging, its reason for being, its character revelations, and its aftermath, even those details shown and not shown, should enhance the story

I’ve written scenes of passion into River with no Bridge (out June 21). As my protagonist, Irish-Catholic Nora, moves through life, she experiences love, or in one case lust, with three men. I hope readers will sense that the totality of these relationships, and her very different partners, move her from virginity to becoming a sensual lover. Sexual attitudes reveal so much about our characters and their changes.

Sex scenes can also be ugly precursors to damaging consequences for characters victimized by coercion. I’ve just read City of Light, a historical novel set in Buffalo, New York, at the time of the Pan American Expo. Author Lauren Belfer incorporates in one episode a depiction of women’s lack of empowerment at the turn of the century. The protagonist is coerced into having sex with Grover Cleveland. She uses details (“Your stomach like a rubbery cushion”) to show how frightening and disorienting forced sex is and how it determines so much of the story that follows.

After City of Light, I turned to Montana Women Writers own Deborah Epperson’s latest novel, Shadows of Home. Two former teenage lovers reclaim that status in several detailed scenes of passion renewed. Lovemaking is shown as their key to rediscovery and joyful reunion. It’s also a means of healing rifts, stress, and misunderstanding.

river with no bridgeA sex scene should only be used as needed to move the story forward. The introduction of lovemaking changes characters’ relationships. A sex scene just to have a sex scene will never work. Authors often struggle with the verbal details of the sex scene. The words used can vary depending on the characters. Crude characters tend to use crude words. More refined lovers, and seducers, use a refined vocabulary. Writers also vary in our own ideas of propriety. Modern readers are quite sophisticated and unlikely to be as easily offended as their historical counterparts.

Remember the language of a sex scene belongs to the character, not the author. If the story needs the scene then use it. There are many ways to write sex scenes. Every sentence should move the story forward and show us what our characters desire or fear.

Literary Elopements

Hunt William Holman's painting The Flight of Madeline and PorphyroJune is the month of weddings. We think of brides in white, bridesmaids, lovely cakes, flowers, and tearful moms. But through circumstance, or a horror of the above, some famous couples in literature choose to slip away for clandestine nuptials.

The most famous of these must be those crazy kids, Romeo and Juliet. Actually, their secret wedding has charm, but almost at once, events spin out of control. Family hatreds, murder, fake death, and real suicide do the newlyweds in. Truly, “…never was a story of more woe, than this of Juliet and her Romeo.” Unbridled passion, the tragic flaw that Shakespeare bestows on his tragic characters, is a direct route to misery.

A real life literary couple fared better after they eloped. The Victorian poets Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning defied her father and, with the aid of the semi-invalid Elizabeth’s nurse, slipped away from London’s Wimpole Street and made it to Italy. Her father disinherited her, and her brothers never spoke to her again. By all reports, however, theirs continued as a loving, supportive marriage until her death. Of course, they had much in common, including their work, literary friends, and an adoring public. In spite of Elizabeth’s frailty, she also gave birth to a son, nicknamed Pen. Theirs was a love match in every sense.

And finally, let’s consider one of my favorite poems, The Eve of St.Agnes by John Keats. On a freezing winter night of drunken revelry, Porphyro sneaks into the castle to his beloved Madeline’s room. He convinces the maiden (and she doesn’t need much convincing) to seize the moment and run away with him, “For o’er the southern moors I have a home for thee.”

It was February. Who can blame her?

Elopement, even of soul mates, has a romantic, reckless courage about it. And the wedding tends to be simple.

Happy Bloomsday, Everyone!

Author James Joyce     Today is June 16, or Bloomsday as it’s known to fans of James Joyce’s intricate novel, Ulysses (It’s also a day for many to run races, but never mind about that.) Specifically, Bloomsday is the day in which Joyce’s character, Leopold Bloom, experiences the entire human experience as he goes about Dublin. A variety of narrators come and go. The prose moves from stark to lyrical.

The book was an eye opener for me as Joyce wrote about subjects more frankly than I was prepared for. I was young when a reading mentor first urged me to read it. I got something out of it, but over the years, as I matured, so did my understanding of the book. The main theme is an exploration of love in its infinite variety. Toward the end of the novel, Bloom returns home to his unfaithful wife, Molly. She engages is an internal monologue as she remembers the early days of their courtship. The book ends with her words, “I asked him with my eyes to ask again yes and then he asked me would I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.” It was the most passionate description of lovemaking (not just sex) I’d ever read when I first discovered it, and I still believe it to be just that.

Joyce chose June 16,1904, because that was the day he met his future wife, Nora Barnacle. They were together some thirty years and produced two children before they actually married, but his choice of that date still strikes me as one of the world’s great romantic tributes.

Ulysses is a book for grownups, but it’s full of humor, playfulness, and the joy of life. Life isn’t always easy, but it’s here for the taking. The best thing about it is love.

Enjoy your day. The whole thing

The Maternal Instinct

drawingroom     Considering the theme of motherhood, I, who adopted my children, started thinking of adoption in literature. I was going to tackle the wicked stepmother thing in fairy tales, but that led to thoughts of Miss Haversham. In Great Expectations, Dickens presents her as a mother with an agenda. She schools her adopted daughter Estella to be the ultimate heartbreaker. Miss Haversham, abandoned at the altar decades before, is an uber man hater. She blames all men and warps lovely Estella to be a human revenge weapon. Our hero Pip saves Estella as much as he can, but only after feeling the requisite heartbreak. Revenge via kiddies is bad.

Let’s move on to Marilla from Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maude Montgomery. Good at heart, Marilla is aging, unmarried, and lives with her shy bachelor brother Matthew. They planned to adopt a boy to help with farm work on their land on Prince Edward Island.

When Anne arrives instead, Marilla first balks at keeping her, then sees it as her Christian duty, but finally can’t resist the volatile, imaginative, bright, and affectionate Anne. Anne becomes the beloved daughter both Marilla and Matthew didn’t know they were missing. A gentle agenda doesn’t rule out love.

Perhaps my favorite adoptive mom is Clara in Larry McMurtry’s Lonesome Dove. Clara takes in the baby abandoned at her ranch by his mother. When his father arrives, Clara tells him, “I like young things…Babies and young horses. I get attached real quick. They don’t have to be mine.” Both baby and young father become part of Clara’s family. She has enough love and common sense to go around.

The theme of maternal instinct in literature is dramatized by many characters, and it makes for some great reads.

Immigrant Stories

I’ve just finished the manuscript of my second novel River with No Bridge. My main character is Nora Flanagan, an Irish immigrant whose story begins in 1882. Of course, America, as Emma Lazarus’ words on the Statue of Liberty tell us, has long been about those “yearning to breathe free,” who find their way to our “golden door.” I’m also the mother of an adopted daughter who is a naturalized citizen, so those words mean a great deal to me.

Although my protagonist, Nora, enters America from a ship that anchors in Boston, some years ago I visited Ellis Island where so many arrived. The big rooms, high ceilings, stairs, simply the vastness of the place made me think what shocks were in store for those who left their homelands. It was a life of gains, but losses, too.

Several books I’ve read in the last couple years are about immigrants. It’s interesting that in a few of these novels, the people couldn’t, or wouldn’t, or struggled with whether or not to stay in the United States. For example, the main character in Barbara Kingsolver’s, The Lacuna, flees under the oppression of McCarthyism’s anti-communist witch-hunt. In Ellis Island, by Kate Kerrigan, an Irish woman is torn between staying in free and prosperous America and returning to her husband in Ireland who bears physical and mental scars from The Troubles, the Irish resistance to English rule.In Cutting for Stone, by Abraham Verghese, a young medical student from Ethiopia is assigned to an inner city hospital where he must struggle to rise in his medical career. He becomes a doctor, but the homeland that needs him has a strong pull.

Even for those who stay, there are life’s losses. In The Lowland, by Jhumpa Lahiri, a marriage falls apart due to events that occurred in India before the wife’s arrival in America.

Virtually all the novels show characters falling in love with the United States even though they think longingly of the people and lands left behind. Most stay and live well overall. How hard they work to survive and belong here.

Every immigrant’s story is unique. Those who leave are enriched by their years here in education or life experience, but those who stay contribute to the country so many still aspire to enter and stay in. The Lady with the Lamp still symbolizes hope for a better life. What is your family’s story?

Endgames

The End sign     I’ve always preferred novels’ endings, like good Scotch, served neat. No loose threads. No choices given the unsuspecting reader who thought all that was taken care of. I decided this some years ago when John Fowles wrote two endings to The French Lieutenant’s Woman, telling the reader to decide which to pick.

I detested that because if the novelist is successful, the reader should step into the created world and be immersed in it through the end, which is part of the seamless whole. Think of Aristotle’s story arc: a beginning, middle, and end.

This brings me to Sarah Canary by Karen Joy Fowler. I read that book because I love Fowler’s novel, We are All Completely beside Ourselves. The latter is a bittersweet story with big themes and a clear conclusion. Sarah Canary has great characters and is a page-turner right up until…it isn’t. It ends with a mystifying sleight of hand piece of magic realism. To me, a mystifying ending is no ending. And no ending makes hash of the story arc.

To quote Forrest Gump, “That’s all I have to say about that.”

What is your favorite, or least favorite ending to a novel?

The End

One Reader’s Bucket List

karenathomeWhen most of us think of bucket lists—that enumerated set of things to do before dying—we assume international trips, jumping out of airplanes, at the very least hot air balloon rides. There’s nothing wrong with such true adventures, but I have a parallel bucket list that emerged from my reading life.

It all started with Proust. A close friend and mentor bequeathed me his boxed three-volume set ofRemembrance of Things Past (or In Search of Lost Time to more modern translators). After I retired, I finally began to read it which proved a meaningful and insightful experience, not least because my dear friend had made notations in the margins. I read it in the early mornings, house still silent, sky slowly lightening. Tea and Proust became a ritual. And I value memory in a way I never could have without it.

When I finally finished, I wanted something else so beautiful and challenging that only a few pages at a time would do. I looked at my three-volume set of Dante’s Divine Comedy and took it up, one canto at a time, and only in the predawn hour. With the cat purring, the tea steaming, I traveled with Dante from the Inferno, through the Purgatorio, and on into the Paradiso. I appreciate how the world can be so vast and small all at once more than I ever could have without that journey.

Next, my husband gave me a four-volume set of the Collected Poetry of Robinson Jeffers for Christmas. Now my hour of solitude is spent near a stone house and tower at Big Sur. No day can go wrong that starts there. Jeffers wrote intimately of nature, of a wild landscape expressed by the people inhabiting it complete with their follies and mistakes, and of the peace of death. There are gifts on every page.

Perhaps, my reading list is written in invisible ink, each author or poet becomes visible only when the last has been read. I know that each is a treasure to be cherished, their works belonging to the ages.

I hope you set aside some part of your day for reading that uplifts and intrigues be it prose or poetry, fiction or nonfiction. Make it something you always thought you might like to read if you got around to it. What might be on your literary bucket list?

The Sun, That Brave Man

Wills at Avalanche Lake in Glacier ParkT.S. Eliot advises us that “April is the cruelest month,” because it mixes “Memory and desire.” True? For me, partly so. My winters have been spent in cold climates, and I love their cold sparkle and indoor coziness. A reader, I revel in the ritual of closing curtains at 5:00 p.m. against the dark, building up the fire, making tea, and opening a good book.

Even now, when my aging bones crave warm sunshine, I turn a regretful eye back on undemanding (with the exception of snow shoveling) winter. Eliot also says April breeds “Lilacs out of the dead land,” and stirs “Dull roots with spring rain.” There is the joy of rebirth, but also the labor of it. The earth wakes up and demands we wake up, too, and tend to our bodies, our psyches, and our gardens. There is always that brief sense of regret for sedentary comforts.

But then, to quote another poet, Wallace Stevens, “The sun, that brave man” comes striding into our lives and winter memories fade. I remember this happening most vividly in Alaska when, after the long, dark, months, I sat at my desk with the April sun warming my back while I closed my eyes. After all, the sun brings sleep deprivation when it’s there all day and night. Our joy in its arrival always mixed with the crankiness of an insomniacs’ exhaustion.

However, that day, the image of myself as a basking turtle slowly morphed into myself bright and alive. I desired to go outside and join all other awakening flora and fauna in being stirred into the green celebration of life.

And here that feeling is again. Welcome, brave man. Welcome, season of growth.

Blown Away

SONY DSC

But tree, I have seen you taken and tossed,

And if you have seen me when I slept,

You have seen me when I was taken and swept

And all but lost.

Robert Frost, Tree at my Window

 

We who live near the Rocky Mountain Front are familiar with that sudden, temperature- raising blast that melts winter out of our front yards within an hour. It can be crazy making. Actually, winds that bring madness are known by different names: in Montana, Chinooks, in France, mistrals, in California, Santa Annas. All are phenomena known in Europe as Fohn winds, dry, warm, down slope winds that occur in the lee side of a mountain range. (Santa Annas actually come in off the desert, but certainly affect moods.) An arching cloud cover can signal Chinook weather.

I’ve heard that places in Europe ban people from marrying and judges from imposing sentences during Fohn winds because humans can’t be trusted to make good decisions during such times. Joan Didion, in her essay on the Santa Annas, quotes writer Raymond Chandler, “On nights like that, every booze party ends in a fight. Meek little wives feel the edge of the carving knife and study their husbands’ necks. Anything can happen.” The list of music albums and books that refer to Fohn winds is long and growing. Such winds frighten, depress, and generally torment novel, as well as nonfiction, subjects.

I have to say, though, that I’m usually grateful for that sudden snow-eating rush of air, and accept our Montana Chinooks as benevolent presences. Still, wind easily changes our moods up or down. As with any force of nature, we ought to respect it. The poet Christina Rossetti gives a hint of caution here courtesy of trees:

Who has seen the wind

Neither you nor I:

But when the trees bow down their heads,

The wind is passing by.